Factors associated with allergic rhinitis and combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) in adults undergoing immunotherapy in a tropical country: Is ISAAC-III questionnaire useful in adult populations?
Main Article Content
Keywords
Allergy, Allergic Rhinitis, Adult Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Allergen Immunotherapy, Tropical Climate
Abstract
Background: Allergic diseases affect about 10–30% of the population in low- or middle-income tropical countries. Few studies describe the factors associated with allergic diseases in adult patients undergoing immunotherapy in Latin American countries.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) and AR in comorbidity with asthma (CARAS) in adults treated with immunotherapy in two allergy referral centers in Bogotá (Colombia).
Material and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted between January 2018 and January 2019. ISAAC-III and sociodemographic questionnaires were applied to determine the factors associated with AR and CARAS in adults treated with immunotherapy who attended the allergy consult at the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá and Unimeq-Orl.
Results: Among 416 adults aged 18–68 years, 71.4% (n = 297) were women. Regarding the sensitization results obtained by skin prick test, the most frequent allergens were house dust mites (64.18%): 49.03% were positive for both Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, while 28.61% were positive for Blomia tropicalis. Excluding house dust mites, the most frequent allergens were dog hair (31.01%), cat hair (15.1%), grasses (15.9%), and food (15.9%). The main factor associated with exclusive AR was regular acetaminophen use more than four times a year: Prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.77 (95% CI: 1.12–2.25). The main factor associated with CARAS was cesarean delivery PR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.09–1.78).
Conclusion: The main factor associated with AR was regular acetaminophen use, while that associated with CARAS was cesarean delivery. The ISAAC-III questionnaire can be a useful low-cost tool to assess the factors associated with allergic diseases in adults in tropical countries.
References
1. Caraballo L, Zakzuk J, Lee BW, Acevedo N, Soh JY, Sánchez-Borges M, et al. Particularities of allergy in the tropics. World Allergy Org J [Internet]. 2016;9:20. 10.1186/s40413-016-0110-7
2. Haahtela T, Holgate S, Pawankar R, Akdis CA, Benjaponpitak S, Caraballo L, et al. The biodiversity hypothesis and allergic disease: World allergy organization position statement. World Allergy Org J. 2013;6:3. 10.1186/1939-4551-6-3
3. Moreno-López S, Pérez-Herrera LC, Peñaranda D, Hernández DC, García E, Peñaranda A. Prevalence and-associated factors of allergic diseases in school children and-adolescents aged 6-7 and 13-14 years old from two rural areas in Colombia. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2021;49:153–161. 10.15586/aei.v49i3.183
4. Acevedo N, Zakzuk J, Caraballo L. House dust mite allergy under changing environments. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11:450. 10.4168/aair.2019.11.4.450
5. Pinto Pereira LM, Jackman J, Figaro N, Babootee N, Cudjoe G, Farrell S, et al. Health burden of co-morbid asthma and allergic rhinitis in West Indian children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2010;38:129–134. 10.1016/j.aller.2009.09.002
6. Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Samolinski B, Demoly P, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bachert C, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): Achievements in 10 years and future needs. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130:1049–62. 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.053
7. Pearce N, Aït-Khaled N, Beasley R, Mallol J, Keil U, Mitchell E, et al. Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: Phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2007; 10.1136/thx.2006.070169
8. Pols DHJ, Wartna JB, Alphen EI van, Moed H, Rasenberg N. Interrelationships between atopic din children: A meta--analysis based on ISAAC questionnaires. 2015;1–15. 10.1371/journal.pone.0131869
9. Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC phases one and three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368:733–43. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69283-0
10. Barbarot S, Auziere S, Gadkari A, Girolomoni G, Puig L, Simpson EL, et al. Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in adults: Results from an international survey. Allergy. 2018;73:1284–93. 10.1111/all.13401
11. Frati F, Incorvaia C, Cavaliere C, di Cara G, Marcucci F, Esposito S, et al. The skin prick test. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018;32(1 Suppl. 1):19–24.
12. Heinzerling L, Mari A, Bergmann K-C, Bresciani M, Burbach G, Darsow U, et al. The skin prick test – European standards. Clin Transl Allergy. 2013. p. 3.
13. Kim B-J, Mun S-K. Objective measurements using the skin prick test in allergic rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136:1104–1106. 10.1001/archoto.2010.185
14. Tschopp JM, Sistek D, Schindler C, Leuenberger P, Perruchoud AP, Wuthrich B, et al. Current allergic asthma and rhinitis: Diagnostic efficiency of three commonly used atopic markers (IgE, skin prick tests, and Phadiatop). Results from 8329 randomized adults from the SAPALDIA Study. Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. Allergy. 1998;53:608–13. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03937.x
15. Peñaranda A, Gantiva M, Moreno-López S, Peñaranda D, Perez-Herrera LC, Garcia E. Factors associated with allergic rhinitis and combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) in children aged 5–18 years undergoing immunotherapy in a tropical low-or middle-income country. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2023;51:126–32. 10.15586/aei.v51i1.509
16. Roberts G, Pfaar O, Akdis CA, Ansotegui IJ, Durham SR, Gerth van Wijk R, et al. EAACI Guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergy. 2018;73:765–98. 10.1111/all.13317
17. Alvaro-Lozano M, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Alviani C, Angier E, Arasi S, et al. EAACI allergen immunotherapy user’s guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2020 May;31(25):1–101. 10.1111/pai.13189.
18. Mortuaire G, Michel J, Papon JF, Malard O, Ebbo D, Crampette L, et al. Specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis [Internet]. 2017;134:253–258. 10.1016/j.anorl.2017.06.005
19. Dennis RJ, Caraballo L, García E, Rojas MX, Rondon MA, Pérez A, et al. Prevalence of asthma and other allergic conditions in Colombia 2009–2010: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med. 2012;12:17. 10.1186/1471-2466-12-17
20. Pérez-Herrera LC, Moreno-López S, Peñaranda D, García E, Chapman E, Peñaranda A. Frequency of self-reported allergies at a high-complexity referral hospital in Colombia, a tropical Latin American country. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2021;49:100–5 10.15586/aei.v49i5.449
21. Paiva Ferreira LKD, Paiva Ferreira LAM, Monteiro TM, Bezerra GC, Bernardo LR, Piuvezam MR. Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;74:105718. 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105718
22. Papadopoulos NG, Agache I, Bavbek S, Bilo BM, Braido F, Cardona V, et al. Research needs in allergy: An EAACI position paper, in collaboration with EFA. Clin Transl Allergy [Internet]. 2012;2:21. 10.1186/2045-7022-2-21
23. DANE. Censo Nacional de Poblacion y Vivienda 2018 Colombia. 2018., Dirección de Censos y Demografía: Bogotá, Colombia.
24. Mata Fernández C, Fernández-Benítez M, Pérez Miranda M, Guillén Grima F. Validation of the Spanish version of the Phase III ISAAC questionnaire on asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2005;15:201–10.
25. Kim DH, Lim DH, Samra M, Kim EH, Kim JH. How accurate are the ISAAC questions for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in Korean children? Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2018;15:1527. 10.3390/ijerph15071527
26. Beasley RW, Clayton TO, Crane J, Lai CKW, Montefort SR, Mutius E von, et al. Acetaminophen use and risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:171–8. 10.1164/rccm.201005-0757OC
27. World Health Organization. Body Mass Index [Internet]. WHO library. 2018 [cited 2022 Nov 29]. p. 2. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/body-mass-index
28. Schiaffino A, Rodriguez M, Pasarin MI, Regidor E, Borrell C, Fernandez E. Odds ratio or prevalence ratio? Their use in cross-sectional studies. GacSanit. 2003;17:70–4. 10.1157/13043426
29. Thompson M Lou, Myers JE, Kriebel D. Prevalence odds ratio or prevalence ratio in the analysis of cross sectional data: What is to be done? Occup Environ Med. 1998;55:272–7. 10.1136/oem.55.4.272
30. Mims JW. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014;4:18–20. 10.1002/alr.21385
31. Sánchez J, Sánchez A. Epidemiologic studies about food allergy and food sensitization in tropical countries. Results and limitations. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2019;47:401–408. 10.1016/j.aller.2018.11.001.
32. Pearce N, Sunyer J, Cheng S, Chinn S, Björkstén B, Burr M, et al. Comparison of asthma prevalence in the ISAAC and the ECRHS. Eur Respir J. 2000;16:420–6. 10.1183/9031936.00.16337700
33. Acharya KP, Pathak S. Applied research in low-income-countries: Why and how? Front Res Metr Anal. 2019;4:3. 10.3389/frma.2019.00003
34. Helmy M, Awad M, Mosa KA. Limited resources of genome sequencing in developing countries: Challenges and solutions. Appl Transl Genom. 2016;9:15–9. 10.1016/j.atg.2016.03.003
35. Gaillard J. Measuring research and development in developing countries. Sci Technol Society. 2010;15:77–111. 10.1177/097172180901500104
36. Bousquet J. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008. Allergy. 2008;63:1052–5. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x
37. Nakagome K, Nagata M. Allergen immunotherapy in asthma. Pathogens. 2021;10:1406. 10.3390/pathogens10111406
38. Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Guyatt GH, Gómez-Escobar LG, Pérez-Herrera LC, Chu AWL, Ceccaci R, et al. Allergen immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;151:147–58. 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.020
39. Nagata M, Nakagome K. Allergen immunotherapy in asthma: Current status and future perspectives. Allergol Int. 2010;59:15–9. 10.2332/allergolint.09-RAI-0150
40. Devillier P, Dreyfus J-F, Demoly P, Calderón MA. A meta-analysis of sublingual allergen immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy in pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. BMC Med [Internet]. 2014;12:71. 10.1186/1741-7015-12-71
41. Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Togias A, Bachert C, Erhola M, Hellings PW, et al. Next-generation allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) guidelines for allergic rhinitis based on grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) and real-world evidence. J Allergy Clin Immunol [Internet]. 2020;145:70–80.e3. 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.049
42. Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies I. Colombian average climate annual report [Internet]. Bogota, Colombia; 2019. Available from: http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatológicos++1981+-+2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128
43. Puerta L, Fernandez E, Mercado D, Lockey R, Caraballo L. Sequential determinations of. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;97:689–91. 10.1016/S0091-6749(96)70315-9
44. Luis AC, Gloria G, Dary MM, Eduardo EB. Standardization and establishment of an in vitro culture of Blomia tropicalis toward technological development purposes. Front Immunol. 2015;6:1–2. 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2015.05.00264
45. Stewart GA, Robinson C. Indoor and outdoor allergens and pollutants. In: O'Hehir R, Holgate S, Hershey GK, Sheikh A, editors. Middleton’s allergy essentials. Elsevier: Philadelphia, USA; 2017. p. 73–116.
46. Jeevarathnum AC, van Niekerk A, Green R, Becker P, Masekela R. Prevalence of Blomia tropicalis allergy in two regions of South Africa. South African Medical Journal. 2015;105:567. 10.7196/SAMJnew.7786
47. Zeng Y, Song B, Gao Y, Cao W, Li J, Liu Q, et al. Cumulative evidence for association of acetaminophen exposure and allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2020;181:422–33. 10.1159/000506807
48. Dröge W, Breitkreutz R. Glutathione and immune function. Proc Nutr Soc. 2000;59:595–600. 10.1017/S0029665100000847
49. Swierkosz TA, Jordan L, McBride M, McGough K, Devlin J, Botting RM. Actions of paracetamol on cyclooxygenases in tissue and cell homogenates of mouse and rabbit. Med Sci Monit. 2002;8:BR496–503.
50. Wang J-Y, Liu L-F, Chen C-Y, Huang Y-W, Hsiung CA, Tsai H-J. Acetaminophen and/or antibiotic use in early life and the development of childhood allergic diseases. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42:1087–99. 10.1093/ije/dyt121
51. Allmers H. Frequent acetaminophen use and allergic diseases: Is the association clear? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116:859–62. 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.019
52. Paramo BJ, Gancedo SQ, Cuevas M, Camo IP, Martin JA, Cosmes EL. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) hypersensitivity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000;85:508–11. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62580-X
53. Kawauchi H, Yanai K, Wang D-Y, Itahashi K, Okubo K. Antihistamines for allergic rhinitis treatment from the viewpoint of nonsedative properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:213. 10.3390/ijms20010213
54. Darabi B, Rahmati S, HafeziAhmadi MR, Badfar G, Azami M. The association between caesarean section and childhood asthma: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2019;15:62. 10.1186/s13223-019-0367-9
55. Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak A, Szymański JK, Ciebiera M, Sarecka-Hujar B, Jakiel G. Pediatrics consequences of caesarean-section—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:8031. 10.3390/ijerph17218031
56. Wypych-Ślusarska A, Niewiadomska E, Oleksiuk K, Krupa-Kotara K, Głogowska-Ligus J, Słowiński J. Caesarean delivery and risk of childhood asthma development: Meta-analysis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2021;38:819–26. 10.5114/ada.2020.96703
57. Maitra A, Sherriff A, Strachan D, Henderson J. Mode of delivery is not associated with asthma or atopy in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004;34:1349–55. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02048.x
58. Richards M, Ferber J, Li D-K, Darrow LA. Cesarean delivery and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125:280–286.e5. 10.1016/j.anai.2020.04.028
59. Bager P, Wohlfahrt J, Westergaard T. Caesarean delivery and risk of atopy and allergic disesase: meta-analyses. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38:634–42. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02939.x
60. Yoo S, Kim H-B, Lee S-Y, Kim B-S, Kim J-H, Yu J-H, et al. Association between obesity and the prevalence of allergic diseases, atopy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in Korean adolescents. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;154:42–8. 10.1159/000319207
61. Hersoug L-G, Linneberg A. The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases: Does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance? Allergy. 2007;62:1205–13. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01506.x
62. Tamhane AR, Westfall AO, Burkholder GA, Cutter GR. Prevalence odds ratio versus prevalence ratio: Choice comes with consequences. Stat Med. 2016;35:5730–5. 10.1002/sim.7059
2. Haahtela T, Holgate S, Pawankar R, Akdis CA, Benjaponpitak S, Caraballo L, et al. The biodiversity hypothesis and allergic disease: World allergy organization position statement. World Allergy Org J. 2013;6:3. 10.1186/1939-4551-6-3
3. Moreno-López S, Pérez-Herrera LC, Peñaranda D, Hernández DC, García E, Peñaranda A. Prevalence and-associated factors of allergic diseases in school children and-adolescents aged 6-7 and 13-14 years old from two rural areas in Colombia. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2021;49:153–161. 10.15586/aei.v49i3.183
4. Acevedo N, Zakzuk J, Caraballo L. House dust mite allergy under changing environments. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11:450. 10.4168/aair.2019.11.4.450
5. Pinto Pereira LM, Jackman J, Figaro N, Babootee N, Cudjoe G, Farrell S, et al. Health burden of co-morbid asthma and allergic rhinitis in West Indian children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2010;38:129–134. 10.1016/j.aller.2009.09.002
6. Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Samolinski B, Demoly P, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bachert C, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): Achievements in 10 years and future needs. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130:1049–62. 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.053
7. Pearce N, Aït-Khaled N, Beasley R, Mallol J, Keil U, Mitchell E, et al. Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: Phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2007; 10.1136/thx.2006.070169
8. Pols DHJ, Wartna JB, Alphen EI van, Moed H, Rasenberg N. Interrelationships between atopic din children: A meta--analysis based on ISAAC questionnaires. 2015;1–15. 10.1371/journal.pone.0131869
9. Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC phases one and three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368:733–43. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69283-0
10. Barbarot S, Auziere S, Gadkari A, Girolomoni G, Puig L, Simpson EL, et al. Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in adults: Results from an international survey. Allergy. 2018;73:1284–93. 10.1111/all.13401
11. Frati F, Incorvaia C, Cavaliere C, di Cara G, Marcucci F, Esposito S, et al. The skin prick test. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018;32(1 Suppl. 1):19–24.
12. Heinzerling L, Mari A, Bergmann K-C, Bresciani M, Burbach G, Darsow U, et al. The skin prick test – European standards. Clin Transl Allergy. 2013. p. 3.
13. Kim B-J, Mun S-K. Objective measurements using the skin prick test in allergic rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136:1104–1106. 10.1001/archoto.2010.185
14. Tschopp JM, Sistek D, Schindler C, Leuenberger P, Perruchoud AP, Wuthrich B, et al. Current allergic asthma and rhinitis: Diagnostic efficiency of three commonly used atopic markers (IgE, skin prick tests, and Phadiatop). Results from 8329 randomized adults from the SAPALDIA Study. Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. Allergy. 1998;53:608–13. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03937.x
15. Peñaranda A, Gantiva M, Moreno-López S, Peñaranda D, Perez-Herrera LC, Garcia E. Factors associated with allergic rhinitis and combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) in children aged 5–18 years undergoing immunotherapy in a tropical low-or middle-income country. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2023;51:126–32. 10.15586/aei.v51i1.509
16. Roberts G, Pfaar O, Akdis CA, Ansotegui IJ, Durham SR, Gerth van Wijk R, et al. EAACI Guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergy. 2018;73:765–98. 10.1111/all.13317
17. Alvaro-Lozano M, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Alviani C, Angier E, Arasi S, et al. EAACI allergen immunotherapy user’s guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2020 May;31(25):1–101. 10.1111/pai.13189.
18. Mortuaire G, Michel J, Papon JF, Malard O, Ebbo D, Crampette L, et al. Specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis [Internet]. 2017;134:253–258. 10.1016/j.anorl.2017.06.005
19. Dennis RJ, Caraballo L, García E, Rojas MX, Rondon MA, Pérez A, et al. Prevalence of asthma and other allergic conditions in Colombia 2009–2010: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med. 2012;12:17. 10.1186/1471-2466-12-17
20. Pérez-Herrera LC, Moreno-López S, Peñaranda D, García E, Chapman E, Peñaranda A. Frequency of self-reported allergies at a high-complexity referral hospital in Colombia, a tropical Latin American country. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2021;49:100–5 10.15586/aei.v49i5.449
21. Paiva Ferreira LKD, Paiva Ferreira LAM, Monteiro TM, Bezerra GC, Bernardo LR, Piuvezam MR. Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;74:105718. 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105718
22. Papadopoulos NG, Agache I, Bavbek S, Bilo BM, Braido F, Cardona V, et al. Research needs in allergy: An EAACI position paper, in collaboration with EFA. Clin Transl Allergy [Internet]. 2012;2:21. 10.1186/2045-7022-2-21
23. DANE. Censo Nacional de Poblacion y Vivienda 2018 Colombia. 2018., Dirección de Censos y Demografía: Bogotá, Colombia.
24. Mata Fernández C, Fernández-Benítez M, Pérez Miranda M, Guillén Grima F. Validation of the Spanish version of the Phase III ISAAC questionnaire on asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2005;15:201–10.
25. Kim DH, Lim DH, Samra M, Kim EH, Kim JH. How accurate are the ISAAC questions for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in Korean children? Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2018;15:1527. 10.3390/ijerph15071527
26. Beasley RW, Clayton TO, Crane J, Lai CKW, Montefort SR, Mutius E von, et al. Acetaminophen use and risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:171–8. 10.1164/rccm.201005-0757OC
27. World Health Organization. Body Mass Index [Internet]. WHO library. 2018 [cited 2022 Nov 29]. p. 2. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/body-mass-index
28. Schiaffino A, Rodriguez M, Pasarin MI, Regidor E, Borrell C, Fernandez E. Odds ratio or prevalence ratio? Their use in cross-sectional studies. GacSanit. 2003;17:70–4. 10.1157/13043426
29. Thompson M Lou, Myers JE, Kriebel D. Prevalence odds ratio or prevalence ratio in the analysis of cross sectional data: What is to be done? Occup Environ Med. 1998;55:272–7. 10.1136/oem.55.4.272
30. Mims JW. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014;4:18–20. 10.1002/alr.21385
31. Sánchez J, Sánchez A. Epidemiologic studies about food allergy and food sensitization in tropical countries. Results and limitations. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2019;47:401–408. 10.1016/j.aller.2018.11.001.
32. Pearce N, Sunyer J, Cheng S, Chinn S, Björkstén B, Burr M, et al. Comparison of asthma prevalence in the ISAAC and the ECRHS. Eur Respir J. 2000;16:420–6. 10.1183/9031936.00.16337700
33. Acharya KP, Pathak S. Applied research in low-income-countries: Why and how? Front Res Metr Anal. 2019;4:3. 10.3389/frma.2019.00003
34. Helmy M, Awad M, Mosa KA. Limited resources of genome sequencing in developing countries: Challenges and solutions. Appl Transl Genom. 2016;9:15–9. 10.1016/j.atg.2016.03.003
35. Gaillard J. Measuring research and development in developing countries. Sci Technol Society. 2010;15:77–111. 10.1177/097172180901500104
36. Bousquet J. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008. Allergy. 2008;63:1052–5. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x
37. Nakagome K, Nagata M. Allergen immunotherapy in asthma. Pathogens. 2021;10:1406. 10.3390/pathogens10111406
38. Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Guyatt GH, Gómez-Escobar LG, Pérez-Herrera LC, Chu AWL, Ceccaci R, et al. Allergen immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;151:147–58. 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.020
39. Nagata M, Nakagome K. Allergen immunotherapy in asthma: Current status and future perspectives. Allergol Int. 2010;59:15–9. 10.2332/allergolint.09-RAI-0150
40. Devillier P, Dreyfus J-F, Demoly P, Calderón MA. A meta-analysis of sublingual allergen immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy in pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. BMC Med [Internet]. 2014;12:71. 10.1186/1741-7015-12-71
41. Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Togias A, Bachert C, Erhola M, Hellings PW, et al. Next-generation allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) guidelines for allergic rhinitis based on grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) and real-world evidence. J Allergy Clin Immunol [Internet]. 2020;145:70–80.e3. 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.049
42. Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies I. Colombian average climate annual report [Internet]. Bogota, Colombia; 2019. Available from: http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatológicos++1981+-+2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128
43. Puerta L, Fernandez E, Mercado D, Lockey R, Caraballo L. Sequential determinations of. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;97:689–91. 10.1016/S0091-6749(96)70315-9
44. Luis AC, Gloria G, Dary MM, Eduardo EB. Standardization and establishment of an in vitro culture of Blomia tropicalis toward technological development purposes. Front Immunol. 2015;6:1–2. 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2015.05.00264
45. Stewart GA, Robinson C. Indoor and outdoor allergens and pollutants. In: O'Hehir R, Holgate S, Hershey GK, Sheikh A, editors. Middleton’s allergy essentials. Elsevier: Philadelphia, USA; 2017. p. 73–116.
46. Jeevarathnum AC, van Niekerk A, Green R, Becker P, Masekela R. Prevalence of Blomia tropicalis allergy in two regions of South Africa. South African Medical Journal. 2015;105:567. 10.7196/SAMJnew.7786
47. Zeng Y, Song B, Gao Y, Cao W, Li J, Liu Q, et al. Cumulative evidence for association of acetaminophen exposure and allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2020;181:422–33. 10.1159/000506807
48. Dröge W, Breitkreutz R. Glutathione and immune function. Proc Nutr Soc. 2000;59:595–600. 10.1017/S0029665100000847
49. Swierkosz TA, Jordan L, McBride M, McGough K, Devlin J, Botting RM. Actions of paracetamol on cyclooxygenases in tissue and cell homogenates of mouse and rabbit. Med Sci Monit. 2002;8:BR496–503.
50. Wang J-Y, Liu L-F, Chen C-Y, Huang Y-W, Hsiung CA, Tsai H-J. Acetaminophen and/or antibiotic use in early life and the development of childhood allergic diseases. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42:1087–99. 10.1093/ije/dyt121
51. Allmers H. Frequent acetaminophen use and allergic diseases: Is the association clear? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116:859–62. 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.019
52. Paramo BJ, Gancedo SQ, Cuevas M, Camo IP, Martin JA, Cosmes EL. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) hypersensitivity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000;85:508–11. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62580-X
53. Kawauchi H, Yanai K, Wang D-Y, Itahashi K, Okubo K. Antihistamines for allergic rhinitis treatment from the viewpoint of nonsedative properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:213. 10.3390/ijms20010213
54. Darabi B, Rahmati S, HafeziAhmadi MR, Badfar G, Azami M. The association between caesarean section and childhood asthma: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2019;15:62. 10.1186/s13223-019-0367-9
55. Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak A, Szymański JK, Ciebiera M, Sarecka-Hujar B, Jakiel G. Pediatrics consequences of caesarean-section—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:8031. 10.3390/ijerph17218031
56. Wypych-Ślusarska A, Niewiadomska E, Oleksiuk K, Krupa-Kotara K, Głogowska-Ligus J, Słowiński J. Caesarean delivery and risk of childhood asthma development: Meta-analysis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2021;38:819–26. 10.5114/ada.2020.96703
57. Maitra A, Sherriff A, Strachan D, Henderson J. Mode of delivery is not associated with asthma or atopy in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004;34:1349–55. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02048.x
58. Richards M, Ferber J, Li D-K, Darrow LA. Cesarean delivery and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125:280–286.e5. 10.1016/j.anai.2020.04.028
59. Bager P, Wohlfahrt J, Westergaard T. Caesarean delivery and risk of atopy and allergic disesase: meta-analyses. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38:634–42. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02939.x
60. Yoo S, Kim H-B, Lee S-Y, Kim B-S, Kim J-H, Yu J-H, et al. Association between obesity and the prevalence of allergic diseases, atopy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in Korean adolescents. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;154:42–8. 10.1159/000319207
61. Hersoug L-G, Linneberg A. The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases: Does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance? Allergy. 2007;62:1205–13. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01506.x
62. Tamhane AR, Westfall AO, Burkholder GA, Cutter GR. Prevalence odds ratio versus prevalence ratio: Choice comes with consequences. Stat Med. 2016;35:5730–5. 10.1002/sim.7059
Article Sidebar
Published
Jul 1, 2023
Article Details
How to Cite
Peñaranda, A., Pérez-Herrera, L. C., Gantiva, M., Moreno-López, S., Manrique, J., Peñaranda, D., & García, E. (2023). Factors associated with allergic rhinitis and combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) in adults undergoing immunotherapy in a tropical country: Is ISAAC-III questionnaire useful in adult populations?. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 51(4), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v51i4.833
Section
Original Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Peñaranda, A., Pérez-Herrera, L. C., Gantiva, M., Moreno-López, S., Manrique, J., Peñaranda, D., & García, E. (2023). Factors associated with allergic rhinitis and combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) in adults undergoing immunotherapy in a tropical country: Is ISAAC-III questionnaire useful in adult populations?. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 51(4), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v51i4.833