Evidence for respiratory viruses interactions in asymptomatic preschool-aged children
Main Article Content
Keywords
Respiratory viruses, Interactions, Children
Abstract
Aim: To prospectively evaluate interferences between viruses of the upper respiratory tract in asymptomatic preschool children.
Methods: Nasal-pharyngeal swabs from 233 preschool-aged children were prospectively collected over four consecutive time periods, during one school year. The samples were tested using a RT-PCR DNA/RNA microarray system for nine respiratory viruses.
Results: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was a predictor of the presence of influenza virus (INFL) (OR: 9.12, CI: 1.52-54.75, p = 0.016), and similarly, INFL predicted the presence of RSV (OR: 4.01, CI: 1.14-14.16, p = 0.030). Also, rhinovirus (RV) was a predictor of adenovirus (ADV) presence (OR: 3.66, CI: 1.10-12.14, p = 0.034), and similarly, ADV predicted the presence of RV (OR: 4.05, CI: 1.02-16.05, p = 0.046). No other significant associations between viruses were observed.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that respiratory viruses found in carrier stage in asymptomatic children may interact with other viruses and even facilitate their settling in the upper respiratory tract. The pathophysiological role of these interactions is not yet clear.
References
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2. Neuzil KM, Hohlbein C, Zhu Y. Illness among schoolchildren during influenza season: effect on school absenteeism, parental absenteeism from work, and secondary illness in families. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:986-91.
3. Ruohola A, Waris M, Allander T, Ziegler T, Heikkinen T, Ruuskanen O. Viral etiology of common cold in children, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:344-6.
4. Bouvet D, Gaudy-Graffin C, Garot D, Sunder S, De Gialluly C, Goudeau A. Diagnosis of community-acquired acute respiratory illness: from conventional microbiological methods to molecular detection (multiplex). Pathol Biol (Paris). 2015;63: 69-73.
5. Frobert E, Escuret V, Javouhey E, Casalegno JS, BouscambertDuchamp M, Moulinier C, et al. Respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: evaluating the CLART(R) Pneumovir DNA array. J Med Virol. 2011;83: 150-5.
6. Anestad G, Vainio K, Hungnes O. Interference between outbreaks of epidemic viruses. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39: 653-4.
7. Anestad G, Vainio K, Hungnes O. Interference between outbreaks of epidemic viruses: additional Norwegian observations. Scand J Infect Dis. 2009;41:381-2.
8. Tanner H, Boxall E, Osman H. Respiratory viral infections during the 2009-2010 winter season in Central England, UK: incidence and patterns of multiple virus co-infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;31:3001-6.
9. Greer RM, McErlean P, Arden KE, Faux CE, Nitsche A, Lambert SB, et al. Do rhinoviruses reduce the probability of viral codetection during acute respiratory tract infections? J Clin Virol. 2009;45:10-5.
10. Singleton RJ, Bulkow LR, Miernyk K, DeByle C, Pruitt L, Hummel KB, et al. Viral respiratory infections in hospitalized and community control children in Alaska. J Med Virol. 2010;82:1282-90.
11. Jacoby P, Watson K, Bowman J, Taylor A, Riley TV, Smith DW, et al. Modelling the co-occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae with other bacterial and viral pathogens in the upper respiratory tract. Vaccine. 2007;25:2458-64.
12. Douros K, Kotzia D, Kottaridi C, Giotas A, Boutopoulou B, Karakitsos P, et al. Many children aged two to five years have a persistent presence of respiratory viruses in their nasopharynx. Acta Paediatr. 2016;105:e89-92.
13. Miller EI, Norris HR, Rollins DE, Tiffany ST, Wilkins DG. A novel validated procedure for the determination of nicotine, eight nicotine metabolites and two minor tobacco alkaloids in human plasma or urine by solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatog B: Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010;878:725-37.
14. van den Bergh MR, Biesbroek G, Rossen JW, de Steenhuijsen Piters WA, Bosch AA, van Gils EJ, et al. Associations between pathogens in the upper respiratory tract of young children: interplay between viruses and bacteria. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e47711.
15. Wiertsema SP, Chidlow GR, Kirkham LA, Corscadden KJ, Mowe EN, Vijayasekaran S, et al. High detection rates of nucleic acids of a wide range of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx and the middle ear of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media. J Med Virol. 2011;83:2008-17.
16. Blessing K, Neske F, Herre U, Kreth HW, Weissbrich B. Prolonged detection of human bocavirus DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with respiratory tract disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:1018-9.
17. von Linstow ML, Hogh M, Hogh B. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of human bocavirus in Danish infants: results from a prospective birth cohort study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:897-902.
18. Avila-Tang E, Elf JL, Cummings KM, Fong GT, Hovell MF, Klein JD, et al. Assessing secondhand smoke exposure with reported measures. Tob Control. 2013;22:156-63.
19. Joya X, Manzano C, Alvarez AT, Mercadal M, Torres F, Salat-Batlle J, et al. Transgenerational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Int J Environ Res Publ Health. 2014;11:7261-74.
20. Hukkanen J, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL. Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine. Pharmacol Rev. 2005;57: 79-115.
21. Kalkbrenner AE, Hornung RW, Bernert JT, Hammond SK, Braun JM, Lanphear BP. Determinants of serum cotinine and hair cotinine as biomarkers of childhood second hand smoke exposure. J Exp Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2010;20:615-24.
22. Karr CJ, Rudra CB, Miller KA, Gould TR, Larson T, Sathyanarayana S, et al. Infant exposure to fine particulate matter and traffic and risk of hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis in a region with lower ambient air pollution. Environ Res. 2009;109:321-7.
23. Barnett AG, Williams GM, Schwartz J, Neller AH, Best TL, Petroeschevsky AL, et al. Air pollution and child respiratory health: a case-crossover study in Australia and New Zealand. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:1272-8.
24. Lin M, Stieb DM, Chen Y. Coarse particulate matter and hospitalization for respiratory infections in children younger than 15 years in Toronto: a case-crossover analysis. Pediatrics. 2005;116:e235-40.
25. Brunstein JD, Cline CL, McKinney S, Thomas E. Evidence from multiplex molecular assays for complex multipathogen interactions in acute respiratory infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:97-102.
26. Castro-Rodriguez JA, Jakubson L, Padilla O, Gallegos D, Fasce R, Bertrand P, et al. Many respiratory viruses have temporal association with meningococcal disease. Aller Immunopathol. 2015;43:487-92.
27. Moore HC, Jacoby P, Taylor A, Harnett G, Bowman J, Riley TV, et al. The interaction between respiratory viruses and pathogenic bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010;29:540-5.
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Jun 15, 2019
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Douros, K., Kotzia, D., Kottaridi, C., Giotas, A., Boutopoulou, B., Bozas, E., Matziou, V., Priftis, K., & Papaevangelou, V. (2019). Evidence for respiratory viruses interactions in asymptomatic preschool-aged children. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 47(3), 260-264. https://www.all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/view/318
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Douros, K., Kotzia, D., Kottaridi, C., Giotas, A., Boutopoulou, B., Bozas, E., Matziou, V., Priftis, K., & Papaevangelou, V. (2019). Evidence for respiratory viruses interactions in asymptomatic preschool-aged children. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 47(3), 260-264. https://www.all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/view/318