Diagnostic biomarkers and miRNAs in prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Main Article Content
Keywords
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), angiopoietin, ICAM1, vWF, VEGF, miRNA
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a disease of the lung and/or extrapulmonary system characterized by acute, progressive breathing difficulty and refractory hypoxemia. After years of revision, the 2012 International Expert Conference developed a new diagnostic standard for ARDS, known as the Berlin definition, which provides good guidance on how to define and judge the disease in clinical practice. Despite the establishment of diagnostic standards and treatment improvements, ARDS mortality rate still remains high. The primary reason is that the pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. In patients with ARDS, damage to the alveolar capillary membrane may occur, leading to increased vascular permeability and the occurrence of pulmonary edema. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of ARDS from the perspective of microvascular permeability and identification of effective targets may be key factors in the diagnosis and treatment of ARDS. This review presents the current literature regarding the role of miRNAs (micro ribonucleic acids) in early detection and prediction of ARDS outcome.
References
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2 Coudroy R, Boissier F, Thille AW. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): definition, incidence, and outcome. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. 2017:1–13. 10.1007/978-3-319-41852-0_1
3 Matthay MA, Arabi Y, Arroliga AC, Bernard G, Bersten AD, Brochard LJ, et al. A new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024;209(1):37–47. 10.1164/rccm.202303-0558WS
4 Schmickl CN, Biehl M, Wilson GA, Gajic O. Comparison of hospital mortality and long-term survival in patients with acute lung injury/ARDS vs cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest. 2015;147(3):618–25. 10.1378/chest.14-1371
5 Villar J, Slutsky AS. GOLDEN anniversary of the acute respiratory distress syndrome: Still much work to do! Curr Opin Crit Care. 2017;23(1):4–9. 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000378
6 Fan E, Brodie D, Slutsky AS. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Advances in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA. 2018;319(7):698–710. 10.1001/jama.2017.21907
7 Bateman RM, Sharpe MD, Jagger JE, Ellis CG, Solé-Violán J, López-Rodríguez M, et al. 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15–18 March 2016. Crit Care. 2016;20(Suppl 2):94.
8 Budoo MS, Rafiq W. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Perioperative Anaesthetic Emergencies. 2021:241.
9 Mailem RC, Tayo LL. Drug repurposing using gene co-expression and module preservation analysis in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, and COVID-19. Biology. 2022;11(12):1827. 10.3390/biology11121827
10 Vassiliou AG, Kotanidou A, Dimopoulou I, Orfanos SE. Endothelial damage in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(22):8793. 10.3390/ijms21228793
11 Keskinidou C, Vassiliou AG, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE. Mechanistic understanding of lung inflammation: Recent advances and emerging techniques. J Inflamm Res. 2022:3501–46. 10.2147/JIR.S282695
12 Sikora JP, Karawani J, Sobczak J. Neutrophils and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(17):13469. 10.3390/ijms241713469
13 Adil MS, Narayanan SP, Somanath PR. Cell-cell junctions: Structure and regulation in physiology and pathology. Tissue Barriers. 2021;9(1):1848212. 10.1080/21688370.2020.1848212
14 Sekiguchi R, Yamada KM. Basement membranes in development and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2018;130:143–91. 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.005
15 Pozzi A, Yurchenco PD, Iozzo RV. The nature and biology of basement membranes. Matrix Biol. 2017;57(58):1–11. 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.12.009
16 Huang Q, Le Y, Li S, Bian Y. Signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Respir Res. 2024;25(1):30. 10.1186/s12931-024-03080-x; 10.1186/s12931-024-02678-5
17 Cardinal-Fernández P, Lorente JA, Ballén-Barragán A, Matute-Bello G. Acute Respiratory distress syndrome and diffuse alveolar damage: New insights on a complex relationship. AnnalsATS. 2017;14(6):844–50. 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201609-728PS
18 Yang X, Wang J, Liu W. Molecular markers of type II alveolar epithelial cells in acute lung injury by bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):17797. 10.1038/s41598-023-45129-9
19 Wilson JG, Calfee CS. ARDS subphenotypes: Understanding a heterogeneous syndrome. Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2020. 2020:67–79. 10.1007/978-3-030-37323-8_5
20 García-Laorden MI, Lorente JA, Flores C, Slutsky AS, Villar J. Biomarkers for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: How to make the diagnosis more precise. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(14). 10.21037/atm.2017.06.49
21 Fagiani E, Christofori G. Angiopoietins in angiogenesis. Cancer Lett. 2013;328(1):18–26. 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.018
22 van der Heijden M, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Chedamni S, van Hinsbergh VW, Johan Groeneveld A. The angiopoietin-Tie2 system as a therapeutic target in sepsis and acute lung injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2009;13(1):39–53. 10.1517/14728220802626256
23 Siner JM, Bhandari V, Engle KM, Elias JA, Siegel MD. Elevated serum angiopoietin 2 levels are associated with increased mortality in sepsis. Shock. 2009;31(4):348–53. 10.1097/SHK.0b013e318188bd06
24 Herminghaus A, Kozlov AV, Szabó A, Hantos Z, Gylstorff S, Kuebart A, et al. A barrier to defend-models of pulmonary barrier to study acute inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol. 2022;13:895100. 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895100
25 Garcia B, Zarbock A, Bellomo R, Legrand M. The alternative renin-angiotensin system in critically ill patients: Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Crit Care. 2023;27(1):453. 10.1186/s13054-023-04739-5
26 Villar J, Herrán-Monge R, González-Higueras E, Prieto-González M, Ambrós A, Rodríguez-Pérez A, et al. Clinical and biological markers for predicting ARDS and outcome in septic patients. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):22702. 10.1038/s41598-021-02100-w
27 Chen C, Shi L, Li Y, Wang X, Yang S. Disease-specific dynamic biomarkers selected by integrating inflammatory mediators with clinical informatics in ARDS patients with severe pneumonia. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2016;32(3):169–84. 10.1007/s10565-016-9322-4
28 Muro S. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Endothel Biomed. 2007;1:1058–70. 10.1017/CBO9780511546198.118
29 Hubbard AK, Rothlein R. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and cell signaling cascades. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;28(9):1379–86. 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00223-9
30 Jing P, Wu C, Du C, Zhou L, Gu L. Predictive value of plasma sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins in the risk of death in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Med Biochem. 2024;43(2):209. 10.5937/jomb0-45340
31 Nakashima T, Hattori N. Serum markers of ARDS: How can we know the severity and prognosis from the serum markers? Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Advances in Diagnostic Tools and Disease Management: Springer; 2022. p. 67–77. 10.1007/978-981-16-8371-8_5
32 Melincovici CS, Boşca AB, Şuşman S, Mărginean M, Mihu C, Istrate M, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)—Key factor in normal and pathological angiogenesis. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2018;59(2):455–67.
33 Calfee CS, Eisner MD, Parsons PE, Thompson BT, Conner ER, Jr., Matthay MA, et al. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and clinical outcomes in patients with acute lung injury. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35(2):248–57. 10.1007/s00134-008-1235-0
34 Thickett DR, Armstrong L, Millar AB. A role for vascular endothelial growth factor in acute and resolving lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(10):1332–7. 10.1164/rccm.2105057
35 Thickett DR, Armstrong L, Christie SJ, Millar AB. Vascular endothelial growth factor may contribute to increased vascular permeability in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164(9):1601–5. 10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2011071
36 Ware LB, Eisner MD, Thompson BT, Parsons PE, Matthay MA. Significance of von Willebrand factor in septic and nonseptic patients with acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(7):766–72. 10.1164/rccm.200310-1434OC
37 Hendrickson CM, Matthay MA. Endothelial biomarkers in human sepsis: pathogenesis and prognosis for ARDS. Pulm Circ. 2018;8(2). 10.1177/2045894018769876
38 Chang JC. Acute respiratory distress syndrome as an organ phenotype of vascular microthrombotic disease: Based on hemostatic theory and endothelial molecular pathogenesis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2019;25:. 10.1177/1076029619887437
39 Berumen Sánchez G, Bunn KE, Pua HH, Rafat M. Extracellular vesicles: Mediators of intercellular communication in tissue injury and disease. Cell Commun Signal. 2021;19:1–18. 10.1186/s12964-021-00787-y
40 Ware LB, Koyama T, Zhao Z, Janz DR, Wickersham N, Bernard GR, et al. Biomarkers of lung epithelial injury and inflammation distinguish severe sepsis patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care. 2013;17(5):R253. 10.1186/cc13080
41 Savcı D, Işık G, Hızlıok S, Erbaş O. Exosomes and microvesicles. J Exp Basic Med Sci. 2024;5(1):19–32.
42 Zhang L, Gao J, Qin C, Liang Y, Chen S, Hei F. Inflammatory alveolar macrophage-derived microvesicles damage lung epithelial cells and induce lung injury. Immunol Lett. 2022;241:23–34. 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.008
43 Liu Q, Li S, Dupuy A, Mai Hl, Sailliet N, Logé C, et al. Exosomes as new biomarkers and drug delivery tools for the prevention and treatment of various diseases: current perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(15):7763. 10.3390/ijms22157763
44 Meng W, He C, Hao Y, Wang L, Li L, Zhu G. Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: Considering cell source. Drug Deliv. 2020;27(1):585–98. 10.1080/10717544.2020.1748758
45 Bobrie A, Colombo M, Raposo G, Théry C. Exosome secretion: Molecular mechanisms and roles in immune responses. Traffic. 2011;12(12):1659–68. 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01225.x
46 Lan B, Dong X, Yang Q, Luo Y, Wen H, Chen Z, Chen H. Exosomal microRNAs: An emerging important regulator in acute lung injury. ACS Omega. 2023;8(39):35523–37. 10.1021/acsomega.3c04955
47 Abraham A, Krasnodembskaya A. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2020;9(1):28–38. 10.1002/sctm.19-0205
48 Chen X, Hu J, Pan Y, Tang Z. Novel noncoding RNAs biomarkers in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;14(3):299–306. 10.1080/17476348.2020.1711736
49 Chen C, He Y, Feng Y, Hong W, Luo G, Ye Z. Long non-coding RNA review and implications in acute lung inflammation. Life Sci. 2021;269:119044. 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119044
50 Liu Q, Du J, Yu X, Xu J, Huang F, Li X, et al. miRNA-200c-3p is crucial in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cell Discov. 2017;3(1):1–17. 10.1038/celldisc.2017.21; 10.1038/s41421-019-0132-8
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Published
May 1, 2025
Article Details
How to Cite
Jin, X., & He, M. (2025). Diagnostic biomarkers and miRNAs in prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 53(3), 194-200. https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1239
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Mini Review
How to Cite
Jin, X., & He, M. (2025). Diagnostic biomarkers and miRNAs in prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 53(3), 194-200. https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1239